The example that is used for the suitable material of floatation unit comprises polyurethane foam sealing agent and closed pore polymeric foam. Stepping-stone 50 provides the anti-skidding walking surface and the admissible region of indication walking, and they can constitute by being suitable for durable and anti-skidding any material.
The example that is used for the suitable material of stepping-stone comprises outdoor carpet and the synthetic stone of being made by the molded glass fiber. According to replenishing the buoyancy degree that floatation unit provides, can need or not need ball float.
Figure 18 is the sectional view of second alternate embodiment on big chinampa. The design on chinampa shown in Figure comprises the feature on island shown in Figure 17, has added extra load distribution members When the people set foot on specific stepping-stone 50, load distribution members 51 was given several additional floatation unit 49 with people's weight distribution, thereby has reduced the distance that stepping-stone moves downward.
This to bottom offset reduce provide more stable walking surface than design shown in Figure Load distribution members can be by durable, the lightweight and the rigid material of any appropriate. The example that is used for the suitable material of load distribution members comprises pvc pipe and groove aluminium. Two additional materials that may be specially adapted to this application are metal foam and amorphous metal foam current be in development phase.
Compare with thermoplastics, these two materials have represented extra high strength-weight ratio and secular weather resistance. Because the some load for example people that the island is supported and the load distribution thereby preventing local sinking on required surface, island, the load distribution part must have enough rigidity in order to provide.
The rigidity of pipe is the function of the modulus in flexure of pipe diameter, thickness of pipe and tube material. These identical principles can be applicable to constitute the flexible pipe of load distribution part or other material arbitrarily. Island shown in Figure 17 and 18 can be near the waterside field assembly. When using this on-site assembly method, can the island be pushed or draw in the water and arrange this island by truck or other mechanical means.
This cover can be made of such as polypropylene or PVC sheet semirigid thermoplastics. Figure 19 represents the top view of artificial stepping-stone 52 and artificial branch Figure 20 represents to use three alternative methods of artificial stepping-stone 52 shown in Figure 19 and artificial branch In the on the left example, stepping-stone floatation assembly 54 constitutes by bottom seat pad stone 55, top block stone 56 with the connection cable unit 57 that stepping-stone 55,56 firmly is connected to island main body Island main body 58 can be made of the island of aforesaid any type.
Connection cable unit 57 can be made of plastic ties or rustless metal cable. When island main body 58 is normal when floating, therefore 55 submergences of bottom seat pad stone provide buoyancy for island structure.
When island structure for example, when the people steps on the island during submergence abnormally, top block stone 56 is partially or completely submergence also, thereby provides additional buoyancy for structure. Floating part 60 can be made of plastics tubing or other analogous material of inflating or charge into closed-cell foam. Floating part 60 can be connected to island main body 58 by tackiness agent not shown , cable frenulum not shown or other conventional apparatus.
In the example on the right, buoyant branch assemblies 61 is by descending artificial branch 62, last artificial branch 63 and connection cable assembly 57 to constitute. Following branch 62 common submergences, thus buoyancy provided for island structure.
When last branch 63 also partially or completely provides additional buoyancy for structure during submergence. It should be noted that available traditional unsteady material of construction such as closed-cell foam piece or closed-cell foam cylinder not shown substitutes floating member stepping-stone 52,55,56 and branch 53,62, Yet the structure that is shaped as naturally of stepping-stone 52,55,56 and branch 53,62,63 provides aesthetic feeling.
Figure 21 can use stereographic map with the framework that adjustable buoyancy is provided in conjunction with any chinampa structure.
In a preferred embodiment, it uses with the nonwoven web island. Figure 21 represents the level and the vertical member of the variable rigid frame of buoyancy Horizontal element 65 is made of hollow plastic pipe or other analogous material.
These horizontal elements 65 can be installed in the netted matrix not shown below or matrix on island. The overall buoyancy of structure is designed so that horizontal element is arranged on the waterline below. Randomly, can regulate the buoyancy of horizontal element 65 by the internal space that water, air or both combinations is charged into parts. In one embodiment, when air control valve 67 when atmosphere is opened, water enters horizontal element 65 via water pipe Can water be discharged from horizontal element 65 by pressurized air being blown into blast main 68, thereby water be forced to discharge by water pipe After water was discharged, air control valve 67 was closed, thereby anti-sealing reenters structure.
Perhaps, horizontal element can charge into foam to increase buoyancy. Also can increase the buoyancy on island by adding additional horizontal element. In alternate embodiment, as shown in figure 22, horizontal element is made of the tube portion 69 and the inner air bag 70 of punching. In the figure, removed the middle body of tube portion 69 so that air bag 70 to be shown. Air bag 70 illustrates with deflated state, and this makes water to enter perforated pipe by hole When air bag 70 venting, horizontal element is in low buoyancy position.
In order to increase the buoyancy of horizontal element, open air control valve 67, and force pressurized air to enter air bag 70 by blast main When air bag 70 expanded, water was forced to vent pipe by hole 71, thereby buoyancy is increased. Charge into enough air so that the buoyancy of expected degree to be provided at air bag 70, close air control valve This embodiment can provide a kind of ratio only to charge into the method that air changes horizontal element buoyancy more reliably in pipe, even because crack or leakage appear in pipe along with time lapse, air bag 70 also will keep buoyancy.
Pipe 69 is as the protective guards of air bag 70, prevents that it is subjected to piercing through of floating fragment and animal and weares and teares. Referring again to Figure 21, provide the additional buoyancy of regulating to rigid frame 64 by following vertical member 72 and the last vertical member 73 that constitutes by hollow plastic pipe or analogous material. In a preferred embodiment, vertical member 72,73 usefulness screw threads or other suitable impermanent mode of connection engage.
Perhaps, but the vertical member permanent engagement. The lower end of following vertical member 72 seals with waterproof cover By being slided up or down, vertical member 72,73 regulates the buoyancy of framework 64 in ring 75, as shown by arrows.
If expectation buoyancy is less relatively, then can be locked in the appropriate location with descending vertical member to rise to maximum height and using by lock pin holes 77 localized stop pins If desired, can separate with following vertical member 72 going up vertical member In order to increase the buoyancy of structure, remove stop pin 76 and promote vertical member 72,73 downwards, make it darker in water.
By stop pin 76 vertical member is locked in new location then. If desired, additional vertical member not shown can be connected to the top of vertical member 73, even vertical member can be positioned in the darker water.
Use locking strip 78 that framework 64 is remained connected on the netted matrix not shown on island. Except providing the buoyancy to the chinampa, framework 64 provides inflexible load distribution understructure, and it helps to be supported on the weight of the people of walking on the island. The design of framework 64 makes the buoyancy can be along the surperficial uniform distribution on island, will the island master is intravital not to connect " high point " and " low spot " that ball float produces by being positioned at thereby eliminate.
If the rigidity of horizontal element is enough, then they can be used as slide plate, thereby help water under the island and do not damage matrix and do not need to add independent slide plate. Figure 23 represents to be used for another embodiment of the floating frame regulated on chinampa. In the present embodiment, framework is made of ready-formed flotation tubes 81 and ready-formed lateral member Each flotation tubes 81 is made of protective tube 83, gas-filled valve 70, blast main 68 and air control valve Each prefabrication transverse spare 82 is made of lath 84, a plurality of pipe locating device 85 and a plurality of islands main body union lever The purpose of flotation tubes 81 is buoyancy to be provided and to provide rigidity for the surface, island for island structure.
The purpose of lateral member 82 is to make flotation tubes to keep suitable spacing, for the surface, island provides additional rigidity, and the device that is provided for framework is connected to the island main body.
The purpose of protective tube 83 is to prevent to damage gas-filled valve The purpose of gas-filled valve 70, blast main 67 and air control valve 68 is to provide a kind of independent buoyancy that changes each flotation tubes 81 that is used for, thereby provide along the device of the buoyancy of island surface adjustable joint, this adjustable buoyancy can be used for or growth placed in compensation on the island variation and load heterogeneous.
Increase buoyancy in each flotation tubes 81 by increasing gas charging degree in the gas-filled valve 70, described gas-filled valve is from the interior drainage of flotation tubes Reduce buoyancy by the gas charging degree that reduces in the gas-filled valve 70, thereby make water can enter flotation tubes In a preferred embodiment, lateral member 82 is manufactured into several sl.
Lath 84 can be made of any hard relatively and corrosion-resistant material, for example electroplates channel-section steel, aluminum pipe or plastic conduit. Pipe locating device 85 is connected to lath 84 in pairs by conventional apparatus, and wherein locating device 85 is positioned on each side of pipe Island main body union lever stretches out by the hole of cutting in the main body not shown of island.
Use the nuts and washers not shown that the island main body is fixed on the union lever Flotation tubes 81 can manufacture several sl. They are by constituting in conjunction with the material that Figure 22 introduced. Framework shown in Figure 23 can be by using suitable kind prefabricated flotation tubes 81 and lateral member 82 and rapidly assembling to cooperate the island shape of any free form.
Lateral member 82 can alternately be positioned at flotation tubes 81 tops. This is configured to the island main body smooth base portion is provided. Though the pipe locating device 85 that illustrates in the drawings is made of the support rack type anchor clamps, can use any traditional positioning fixture.
Though the cross section of the lateral member that illustrates is a rectangle, also can use other cross-sectional shape, for example dihedral, flute profile or tubulose. Figure 24 and 25 expressions are used to the island to add two kinds of different methods of buoyancy, and the overall buoyancy on this island is because plant-growth or other situation and along with the time reduces.
If desired, can under situation the about island not being shifted out, adopt these methods from water. Figure 24 represents to have the sectional view on the island of single point of attachment floatation unit The left side utilizes jag spike 88 to be used to be connected with the floatation unit 87 of central authorities.
Connecting jag spike 88 can be by the corrosion resistant metal such as aluminium, or makes such as the rigid plastics of PVC. Float 89 can be the fish net buoy that can buy on the market or floating and similar object that persistent material is made by any appropriate. Nail 88 is arranged in the hole of float The floatation unit 87 on the left side shown in the figure before being connected to island main body Arrow is represented floatation unit 87 is pushed the required direction of motion in island main body 58 bottoms.
The hook of following closely on 88 heads makes floatation unit 87 can be pushed into the Web materials of island main body 58, thereby prevents that floatation unit 87 from skidding off. The central floatation unit 87 that illustrates is in the link position after hook has inserted island main body The floatation unit 87 on the right that illustrates is connected to artificial rock or other unsteady feature 90 by keeping pin Among Figure 25, dicyclo float 92 is connected to finishing pin 12 by traditional snap-on junctor Finishing pin 12 can be installed in during initial construction in the island main body 58, and perhaps they can be installed after the structure island.
Figure 26 represents to be used for the use of the receptor of on chinampa of the present invention erecting equipment or annex. Among Figure 26, the acceptor unit that penetrates fully 94 that illustrates is installed in the left part of island main body The acceptor unit 94 that penetrates fully is made of pipe 95, lower flange 96 and the upper flange 97 of certain-length.
Pipe 95 can join flange 97,98 to by the junctor or the cemented joint of thread head. Pipe 95 is installed by the hole not shown of cutting in island main body 58, boring or otherwise manufacturing.
The acceptor unit 98 of partial penetration is shown on the right side of island main body 58, and it is made of the upper flange 97 and the pipe 95 of certain-length that can not pass the lower rim of island main body The main purpose of acceptor unit 94,98 is to provide a kind of installation site that is used for equipment or annex, and this equipment or annex for example are solar panel, aerogenerator or for the ornament not shown of the expectation of specific island configuration.
A plurality of acceptor units 94,98 can be installed on the island. Second purpose of acceptor unit 94,98 is to provide a kind of device that the intravital multilayer material of island master is locked together. Figure 27 represents to use chinampa of the present invention to support the method for shoreline. Among this figure, protectiveness floating structure 99 is made of nonwoven web matrix 4, ball float 5 and optional plant Can use traditional anchor or tether not shown to keep the position of structure 99 with respect to shoreline Structure 99 can be by being used to prevent corrosion to shoreline with making energy absorption deoscillator to wave Structure 99 also can be used as protective barrier with protection buoyant object for example ship or log are not shown bump shoreline No matter need the corrosion prevention to shore or bank of which kind of level, the degree of depth that can regulate the chinampa adapts to.
For any the foregoing description, can connect additional approaching around the periphery on main central chinampa and light-weight island module, thereby additional shade and plant-growth district are provided, thereby increase the water quality useful the island.
These additional island modules can be made by individual layer nonwoven web material that is marked with the material that floats or similar suitable material.
When bigger plant can be supported in central chinampa, the ground controlled approach such as grass and reed can be supported in these " satellite " module islands. In addition, if desired, any embodiment of the present invention can combine with artificial vegetation to increase decorative effect. Figure 28 represents the chinampa being made by the nonwoven web material of one group of identical scale operation, and these chinampas are connected and form single big island. Figure 28 is the top view on the island of four identical scale operation of formation module island structure with connections of four junctors.
Junctor is made of the nonwoven matrix material. Junctor can randomly be used in conjunction with growth medium following or other material processing to promote plant-growth. The plant holding capacity of junctor helps the visual effect and the species diversity of structure, and the island of scale operation simultaneously provides cost-effective manufacturing technology.
In another embodiment of the present invention, multiple concentric cutting provides a large amount of islands with the constructions cost that reduces. Figure 29 represents first island , removes middle body from this first island, generates the central opening in second island and first island Remove the middle body on second island equally, generate the central opening in the 3rd island and second island Multiple concentric cutting design shown in Figure 29 has significantly reduced the required material in structure island, thereby has significantly saved manufacturing cost.
Although Figure 29 shows three islands altogether, this number will change according to the size on first island and the target sizes on last island. Skeleton island is by skeleton , base plate , one or more optional dividing plate and float and charge into portion and constitute.
Skeleton, base plate and dividing plate preferably constitute by the nonwoven web material. As shown in figure 31, skeleton island by skeleton , base plate , optional dividing plate , float and charge into portion , soil growth medium , constitute based on the plant of soil with based on the plant of matrix. Plant based on matrix is a growing plants on the part that is made of the nonwoven web material on island.
Based on the plant of matrix can be from be installed in matrix seed or take root in thing and begin. Seed can be sprinkling upon on the matrix top and can be randomly tackiness agent by any appropriate be attached to matrix fiber. Taking root in thing is installed in the basic intravital precut hole. Soil growth medium is made of the natural organic matter such as peat, and is made of the synthesis of organic substance such as the nonwoven polyester scrap.
Provide persistent environment in conjunction with growth medium for seed germination and plant-growth. By regulating the nutrient concentrations and the gapping interval of soil growth medium and skeleton , may command is based on the plant of soil with based on the relative growth rate of the plant of matrix.
For example, by the nutrient level in the soil growth medium is made as the nutrient level that is higher than in the skeleton , will grow sooner based on the root of the plant of matrix, and based on the top of the plant of soil will grow faster. Equally, can handle plant growth rate by regulating the gapping interval per-cent of soil growth medium and skeleton For example, add more synthesis of organic substance to natural organic matter and will increase gapping interval volume soil growth medium in, thus the interior microorganism and the macrophytic speed of growth of increase soil growth medium For above-mentioned skeleton embodiment, thereby the speed of growth that can handle the plant root on the different zones on island improves the value of island for the living environment of fish and wild fauna and flora.
In a preferred embodiment, do not add nutraceutical wedding agent by the surrounding periphery use, nutrient level in neighboring area skeleton is located at relatively low level, and, the nutrient level in the central soil grown cultures base region is located at higher relatively level by in soil grown cultures based mixtures, placing the nutrition additive.
In the present embodiment, the plant root in the neighboring area will be sought nutrient by the matrix ramp in the water of pond, thereby form root periphery " curtain " under water. On the contrary, the plant root that is rich in the nutraceutical soil grown cultures base region in central authorities can obtain enough nutrients from less relatively root quality, so these roots will slowly pass in the water that matrix enters the below. By this method, below the island, formation had the root area under water of long and close relatively outer shroud and relative short and rare root middle section.
This embodiment is for attractive the small fish that seeks safety area and food in interior region, because bigger food meat fish will be foreclosed by outer shroud. Skeleton of the present invention island embodiment can support plant-growth on its whole surf zone, and traditional " floating cultivation ware " has the impermeable floating ring that can not support plant-growth around its periphery. Skeleton of the present invention island embodiment supports plant-growth on whole surface ability is used for water quality remarkable advantage is provided, and provide than traditional floating cultivation ware more naturally, more attracting outward appearance visually.
Can provide the low cost of synthesis of organic substance to originate from the cutting of skeleton and base plate and the nonwoven web waste material of shaping. Add synthesis of organic substance and also will reduce the saturated weight of soil growth medium , thereby reduce to make the skeleton island floating required unsteady volumes of charging into portion Figure 32 represents to be used for installing on the skeleton island two alternate embodiments of plant and soil growth medium.
Figure 32 be have two growth rooms separating by dividing plate and and before installation ready-formed cultivate the sectional view on the skeleton island of ware unit By putting into soil growth medium , plant and seed not shown fills first growth room by hand in growth room Fill second growth room by in the chamber, putting into prefabricated cultivation ware unit as shown by arrows.
Prefabricated cultivation ware unit can with growth and the carrying and be installed in deployment site dividually of skeleton island. Prefabricated cultivation ware unit can have certain advantage, comprise can be before installing culturing plants professionally, install easily and replace, and save cost.
Prefabricated cultivation ware unit is made of shell , soil growth medium , optional plant and optional seed not shown. Shell is by such as the porous of coir or nonwoven polyester matrix and can be constituted by the material that plant root passes.
Soil growth medium can comprise that pH buffer reagent and conditioning agent are to make the plant-growth optimization for specified requirements. For example, when the island with plant of liking neutrality or alkaline pH water is arranged in the water of acid pond, the soil growth medium can comprise that lime carbonate or other increase the similar substance of the pH of plant root water on every side, thereby gives their growing environments of optimizing in the early growth stage of these roots.
Equally, when the island with plant of liking neutrality or acid pH is arranged in the alkaline water, can add the material that reduces water pH to soil growth medium Peat is the examples of materials that the acid pH environment can be provided.
The present invention also comprises for making plant germination and grow optimized in conjunction with growth medium in aquatic environment. Of the present invention is the composition that is used as the chinampa in conjunction with the growth medium specific design, though it also can be used in other application. Describe more fully as following, comprise many optional feature, so that it is for various situations be used for various floristics and carry out optimization in conjunction with growth medium.
Below will describe in conjunction with growth medium, this uses with the island that comprises the successive substrates end face in conjunction with growth medium, but should can use with skeleton island embodiment too in conjunction with growth medium. Figure 33 is the top view of chinampa before plant-growth that has in conjunction with growth medium. Figure 34 cuts open the sectional view of getting in conjunction with first embodiment of growth medium at the section C-C place of Figure 33, wherein be connected on the outside surface on chinampa in conjunction with growth medium Island shown in Figure 34 is by constituting in conjunction with growth medium , porous matrix , unsteady inclusion and optional capillary channel Porous matrix can be made of by lightweight, the porous materials that plant root passes any.
The inclusion that floats can be made of such as closed-cell foam or polyurethane blasting foam any nontoxic unsteady material. Capillary channel is upright openings of cutting in matrix , and is filled with the wick material of any appropriate.
The purpose of capillary channel be by water deliverys of island matrix and with water be supplied on top, island and the edge in conjunction with growth medium In first embodiment, the wick material in the capillary channel is made of the natural or synthetic materials of peat, polyester felt or any appropriate. In a second embodiment, capillary channel is filled with in conjunction with growth medium. Schematically show as Figure 35, constitute by peat fibre or analogous material , wedding agent , optional embedding seed , optional top layer seed , optional nutritional granular and the ball float of choosing wantonly in conjunction with growth medium Other optional material not shown comprises shredded paper, wood fragments and light-weight synthetic materials.
The beneficial microorganism not shown that comprises fungi and bacterium also can randomly be included in conjunction with in the growth medium.
By changing composition in conjunction with growth medium, can change water-retentivity, buoyancy, trophic level, pH, porousness, clearance space volume and other parameter, with for example to the plant of particular type, waterplant and the land plant that blooms , specific water body for example, alkalescence or acid , specific island shape for example, low floating and high floating carry out optimization, perhaps in addition generation for the beneficial microorganism optimized environment of growing.
First purpose of peat fibre is the sunlight energy of water conservation and absorbing radiation, thereby provides top condition for plant germination and growth. Second purpose of peat fibre be to provide nature, attracting surface visually. The 3rd purpose of peat fibre is to prevent that sunlight from contacting basic intravital fiber, thereby prevents that algae from growing in matrix. The 4th purpose of peat fibre is to reduce the pH near the water of plant root. The purpose of wedding agent is peat fibre and seed , are connected to matrix , and prevents that them from losing owing to wind-force or wave action.
Nutritional granular can be made of the commercial vegetable fertilizer or the analogous material of slow release. Ball float can be made of the material of perlite, polystyrene or other light closed hole. If concrete application need, ball float also provides additional buoyancy for structure. Be to provide best growing environment in conjunction with first purpose of growth medium for seed and plant. Second optional aim in conjunction with growth medium is to provide perviousness lower gas shield around the outside surface on island, thereby collects the water vapour and the gas of microorganisms in the main body on island.
Water vapour minimizes plant root " whole of air ", and other gas provides additional buoyancy for island structure. Also as protective material, prevent deterioration under matrix and unsteady inclusion ultraviolet ray of environment around " the UV " effect of sunlight in conjunction with growth medium UV protection can be provided by the natural light absorption characteristic of peat fibre or analogous material , perhaps can be by forward direction is not solidified to be added the UV blocker in conjunction with the grown cultures based mixtures and strengthen UV protection in conjunction with growth medium applying.
One of suitable common UV blocker is exemplified as carbon black. In one embodiment, wedding agent is by porous and can constituting by saturating material, for example open-cell polyurethane foam or Mierocrystalline cellulose being similar to sponge for kitchen use.
In the present embodiment, wedding agent with water from capillary channel , perhaps from the island therein buoyant water body not shown flow to seed , and plant not shown. In another embodiment, wedding agent is by constituting such as the atresia thermoplastics of TPE or other atresia, impermeable wedding agent material. In the present embodiment, the ratio of peat fibre and wedding agent is set at and makes the ratio of peat fibre be enough to as the water delivery medium that passes through in conjunction with growth medium Preferably manufacture the viscous liquid that is under the curdled appearance not in conjunction with growth medium , it becomes flexible solid after solidifying.
Not solidified in conjunction with growth medium cast or be injected on the matrix top and during process of setting, combine with matrix The part of infiltrating matrix before solidifying in conjunction with growth medium generates infiltration area Enough low and make under the situation that seed can survive in not solidified temperature in conjunction with growth medium , the seed that embeds can add in the mixture during manufacture, top layer seed can not solidified remove after being applied on the matrix in conjunction with growth medium not solidified in conjunction with growth medium on.
Under the not solidified situation too high for seed existence in conjunction with the temperature of growth medium , the seed that embeds can be by installing in the hole of fully going out therein after the cooling in conjunction with growth medium of partially or completely solidifying, and top layer seed can be by traditional nontoxic binding material connection. Figure 36 represents the island that is made of each layer nonwoven web material 4 that piles up and combine.
Also show float inclusion and capillary channel , they are with before identical to the described parts of Figure In the present embodiment, can embed in the base layer 4 in conjunction with the composition of growth medium, rather than being applied to like that on matrix tops shown in Figure 34 and Figure 37 is the enlarged view of the part of Figure 36, the composition in conjunction with growth medium that expression embeds.
Peat fibre or analogous material , wedding agent , the embedding seed of choosing wantonly , the nutritional granular of choosing wantonly are all identical with the material of describing about Figure 34 with the ball float of choosing wantonly Making in three kinds of different modes at least of Figure 36 and the embedding shown in 37 in conjunction with growth medium.
First method will be combined in the base layer 4 in conjunction with the composition of growth medium during being included in the manufacturing processed of matrix. For example, when base layer 4 is made of nonwoven polyester net for example, the POLY-FLO of Americo , peat fibre , nutritional granular and ball float can be added in the mixed-hopper with the raw material trevira.
Then when when matrix adds latex binder, all material being combined. Second method in conjunction with growth medium of making embedding is injected each sheet matrix with not solidified in conjunction with growth medium before being included in and piling up. The substrates multilayer sheet is piled up also combination to form the chinampa, as shown in figure Not solidifiedly can carry out pressure injection by the optional vacuum thruster vacuum assist that utilization acts on the matrix rear side in conjunction with growth medium, by carrying out an injection via the pipe that inserts matrix, perhaps under action of gravity, infiltrate matrix, thereby inject matrix by not solidified low viscosity mixture in conjunction with growth medium.
Make the third party's method that embeds and be included in injection in conjunction with piling up base layer before the growth medium in conjunction with growth medium.
Finish injection as mentioned above. In the present embodiment, can be used as tackiness agent in conjunction with growth medium in conjunction with base layer. As mentioned above, for the discussion of Fig.
These nutrition help to keep microorganism, and microorganism helps the health of pond and plant again. Secondly, the island can also include but not limited to certain beneficial microorganism device of fungi as distributing in whole pond or other water body.
When taking away the microbe population on a part of island, finish the distribution of this microorganism by the filtering water in island. These useful microorganisms can generate naturally, and perhaps they can introduce on the chinampa or in the chinampa by artificial apparatus.
What help filter effect in addition is, can based on plant help remove dephosphorization and other nutraceutical ability from water body, be chosen in growing plants on the island. Particularly, utilize the wetland plant of phosphorus to comprise in a large number: Scirpus tabernaemontani reed , environmental reed reed and common cattail cattail.
Thereby will reducing the quantity that algae generates available phosphorus, the plant that absorbs phosphorus between the algal grown seasonal periods influences the eutrophication process. The nutraceutical quantity of removing by this process will be proportional with the waterpower loading velocity on the island speed of water of island that is, flow through. Thereby can use various mechanisms such as water pump to increase the waterpower loading velocity increases and removes nutraceutical quantity.
In addition, thus the structure that can regulate the island is farthest utilized its strainability. For example, the profile of island on the water surface can be promoted to high height, so that the bigger unsaturated volume of medium that can filtered water is provided. In order to strengthen filter effect of the present invention, can use water distribution system that water is disseminated from the pumping of island below and with its surface on the island, thereby make fiber diafiltration that water can be by island matrix or nonwoven web material to carry out a biological disposal upon.
Figure 38 is the synoptic diagram of first embodiment with chinampa of pumps water distribution system The water route of the system of flowing through is shown by arrow. Island is made of nonwoven web 4 and other material not shown. Water distribution system is made of water pump and distribution piping Figure 39 is the top view of water distribution system, and this figure schematically shows distribution piping This specific water distribution system is designed to the upwards growth that on the surface on island dispensing water does not limit plant simultaneously.
The purpose of water distribution system is untreated Chi Shui is disseminated from the pumping of island below and with its surface on the island, thereby makes fiber filter that water can be by nonwoven web 4 to carry out a biological disposal upon. In order to make the processing efficiency maximization, importantly water is distributed in the whole volume of nonwoven web 4. Figure 40 is the sectional view of second embodiment with chinampa of pumps water distribution system.
This system is made of water pump , nonwoven web island main body , dietetic alimentation waterplant and fluid-tight encapsulation dish In order to illustrate, term " dietetic alimentation waterplant " refers to absorption and is combined in the nutraceutical waterplant of finding in the water. The example of high efficiency dietetic alimentation waterplant is cattail a cattail class. The Chi Shui by will being rich in nutrition of system shown in Figure 40 is from island below pumping and make it pass through island main body radially outward to circulate and work.
The path of recirculated water is represented by arrow among the figure. Can provide optional bubble from the external source of air not shown. In the figure, water pump is represented as by the central vertical on island and extends, but water pump also can be so that its any-mode location by the island pumps water.
In the example shown, water flows out island main body from central authorities towards marginal flow through island main body and by the perforation dish peripheries Dish purpose is to guarantee that mobile water can not overflow by the bottom on island, thus the exposure duration maximization that water is absorbed by plant and handled by the microorganism not shown , and microorganism is attached on the root of the fiber of island main body and plant In a preferred embodiment, dish is by water with plant root is all impervious constitutes such as poly light plastic.
In alternate embodiment, but dish is made of the material such as TPE that can not permeable growing plants root can see through. The island is seated in the dish basically, and dish is connected to the chinampa by any traditional fastening method.
The purpose of optional air filled cavity is to increase the speed of microorganism to nutraceutical aerobic conversion. The compressed-air actuated energy source not shown that generates these bubbles can be public power, solar electric power, wind-powered machine, wind-force electric power or other suitable device. Except above-mentioned useful effect, chinampa of the present invention also can help carbon and cut the process of depositing, and this process has become to carbon cuts the theme that the growing plant of depositing provides the newer relatively international environment policy of finance excitation.
By from the atmospheric absorption carbonic acid gas and its growing plant that changes into endophytic organic carbon by phosphorus is finished carbon cut and deposit. This process has alleviated the Greenhouse effect of atmospheric carbon dioxide by concentration of carbon dioxide in the reduction atmosphere.
In the chinampa, carbonic acid gas is directly removed from atmosphere by plant and is reduced, and carbonic acid gas also by the island underwater root group and matrix in the microbial process that takes place reduce. When from water, removing carbon dioxide dissolved, this makes and has correspondingly reduced Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide, because after the island has reduced the concentration of dissolved gas in the water, thereby carbonic acid gas will move to the balance that rebulids the water between atmosphere and the dissolving gas phase from air.
Deposit for carbon cuts on the chinampa provides the novelty unique mode, cuts and deposits the position that plant for example pine tree can not be in great numbers because they can be installed in typical carbon.
Chinampa of the present invention can be positioned in the marine area of the oxygen depleted that is rich in nutrition, for example " dead band " in the Gulfian. Term " dead band " is commonly referred to as the water that wherein is rich in nutrition flows into the ocean from the river situation, the algae on close surface consumes these nutrition and produces oxygen in this process in seawater, alga cells is final dead and sink towards the seabed, and wherein alga cells consumes oxygen when they rot.
Because it is bigger to fall into the quantity of submarine alga cells, so consumed near the whole oxygen the bottom, in water, does not stay oxygen, thereby near the seabed, produce " dead band " to fish, lobster or other animal. In the dead band, but Shuifu County contains the nutrition oxygen depleted. Near ocean surface, water not only is rich in nutrition but also be rich in oxygen above the dead band. In this case, can be pumped into for example by the windmill on the island on the island from the water in dead band, water will provide nutrition for growing plants on the island.
The energy of the plant utilization sunlight on the island forms the combination of the nutrition in carbon dioxide in air and the water material of plant.
This process is removed carbonic acid gas alleviating Greenhouse effect and carbon is cut and exists in the plant life body from air. In addition, when " dead band " water pump is delivered to surperficial going up, the water that new water circulates and sends with instead of pump in the dead band.
This process has realized two useful effects: minimizing dead band and carbon cut to be deposited. In order to make the carbon based on the ocean cut the cost efficiency maximization of depositing the island, the island can be designed so that them by selecting such plant " oneself's growth ", and described plant is at their normal lateral spreads of growing and the surface, island being provided during the dead cycle. The example that self produces the marine plant of basic unit and lateral spread comprises the marine alga of Eucheuma muricatum Gmel.
Web and Ka Pa Trentepohlia. The plant example that can stand the salt environment comprises ocean Medulla Junci wild Medulla Junci , ocean lavandula angustifolia Herba Limonii Gmelinii and similar species. Stand the salt environment and the growth of the plant of lateral spread is provided by raising, initial island of installing is as " the island seed " of growing up along with the time.
The other method that can be used for expanding the surf zone on chinampa of the present invention comprises bioadhesive and cohesive process, for example in the book of Biomimicry Janine Benus, HarperCollins, for the description of the blue shell mussel of seashells. Shellfish produces has the very protein cross bundle of high viscosity and colloidality, and can use the tackiness agent that shellfish produces under water. This cohesive material can be used in conjunction with the matrix fiber in the chinampa, is used to make island " growth " in cloth postpone, and is used for from water collecting precipitation particle, thereby improves the transparency of water.
Realize " making the island growth " by the edge that periodically quantitatively is applied to the island with biological adhesive. Because tackiness agent keeps viscosity in wet, so it is easy to catch the fragment at water float such as grass, leaf and branch.
This fragment will adhere on the edge on island and for plant-growth provides basic unit, thereby make the island lateral spread. Tackiness agent also will be collected the trickle water that contacts with the island and broadcast and the anemochory deposit seeds.
Biological adhesive can be made or synthetic duplicating in the laboratory by shellfish. Figure 41 represents also to can be used as the chinampa of dock. This structure will be used for replanting, safeguard, hunt, fishing or photograph being used in the docking at island place.
Figure 41 represents the top view with the chinampa of the shape structure that is designed to provide boat docking location Boat docking location form the ship major part of make stopping by the island rings of material around.
Low wear washer for example nonwoven polyester net of closed-cell polyethylene foam or pore can randomly be arranged around the inside circumference in dock district, so that the Additional Protection to hull to be provided. The dock feature of one has several useful application. Secondly, the dock district provides effective means for poling a boat during with the passenger's of amusement or maintenance discrepancy may visiting the island.
The 3rd, under the limited or expensive situation in existing dock space, the island can be used for providing additional dockage. The 4th, the device that the island can be used as ship and the passenger who is intended to go hunting or photograph to wild fauna and flora hides. Though the structure of Figure 41 is depicted as by water ring and also can be connected on the bank and as dock around, this structure.
Figure 42 represents the anchoring device that can use with chinampa of the present invention. This figure is the top view that is designed to irrespectively keep with wind direction the anchor on chinampa. Anchor is made of four hooks and four annular tie points of being 90 degrees to each other the angle setting, as shown in the figure.
On the island that this anchor is designed to be fixed on four lead not shown , be connected on each annular tie point by a end and fix each lead. The other end of each lead is fixed on the tie point of island periphery. Each hook be designed to direction at pulling direction and hook point when opposite hook stumble and remain on the pond bottom. By making a plurality of hook towards different directions, at least one hook will be positioned properly so that the hold facility maximization and with the pulling orientation independent.
Though illustrated and described a plurality of embodiment of the present invention, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that not breaking away under the situation of the present invention aspect wider and can carry out many changes and modification. Contact Floating Island. Streaming and Download help. Report this album or account.
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